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The Satyr and the Traveller (or Peasant) is one of Aesop's Fables and is numbered 35 in the Perry Index. The popular idiom 'to blow hot and cold' is associated with it. ==The Fable== There are Greek versions and a late Latin version of the fable by Avianus. In its usual form, a satyr or faun comes across a traveller wandering in the forest in deep winter. Taking pity on him, the satyr invites him home. When the man blows on his fingers, the satyr asks him what he is doing and is impressed when told that he can warm them that way. But when the man blows on his soup and tells the satyr that this is to cool it, the honest woodland creature is appalled at such double dealing and drives the traveller from his cave. There is an alternative version in which a friendship between the two is ended by this behaviour. The idiom 'to blow hot and cold (with the same breath)' to which the fable alludes was recorded as ''Ex eodem ore calidum et frigidum efflare'' by Erasmus in his Adagia (730, 1.8.30).〔(【引用サイトリンク】format=PDf )〕 Its meaning was further defined by the emblem books of the Renaissance, particularly those that focused on fables as providing lessons for moral conduct. While Hieronymus Osius tells the tale of the traveller and draws the moral that one should avoid those who are inconstant,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=113. DE FAUNO ET VIATORE. (Phryx Aesopus by Osius) )〕 Gabriele Faerno puts it in the context of friendship and counsels that this should be avoided with the 'double-tongued' (''bilingues'').〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Imaginibus in aes incisis, notisque illustrata. Studio Othonis Vaeni ... )〕 In this he is followed by Giovanni Maria Verdizotti, Marcus Gheeraerts the Elder〔''De warachtighe fabulen der dieren, 1567 see Hollar's copy in WikiCommons〕 and Geoffrey Whitney.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Whitney 160 )〕 However, in Francis Barlow's edition of the fables (1687), the Latin text warns against those whose heart and tongue do not accord, while Aphra Behn comments in English verse that ::::The sycophant with the same breath can praise ::::Each faction and what’s uppermost obeys,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=74. De satyro et viatore (1687), illustrated by Francis Barlow )〕 following John Ogilby's slightly earlier example of giving it a political interpretation. The Wenceslas Hollar print in that edition emphasises the lesson by showing the battle in heaven and the fall of Lucifer as taking place outside the mouth of the cave in which the traveller is blowing on his broth. The fable was included as ''Le satyre et le passant'' among the fables of Jean de la Fontaine (V.7)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= An English translation )〕 but with no alteration of moral. However, this version too was to be reinterpreted in a political sense in the 19th century. In the course of his very free version, John Matthews expanded the text to comment on the 1819 election in Westminster and advise the voters to adopt the satyr's view of blowing hot and cold.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fables from La Fontaine, in English verse )〕 In France the satirical cartoonist J.J. Grandville also updated the meaning by showing a group of loungers reading and commenting on the newspapers in a public park next to a statue illustrating the fable (see in Gallery 4 below). The Age of Enlightenment had intervened and prominent thinkers had then attacked the logic of this fable in particular. In the article on "Fable" in his ''Dictionnaire Philosophique'' (1764), Voltaire remarked that the man was quite right in his method of warming his fingers and cooling his soup, and the satyr was a fool to take exception.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Philosophical Dictionary, by Voltaire )〕 The German philosopher Gotthold Ephraim Lessing asserts in one of his essays on fables that its fault 'lies not in the inaccuracy of the allegory, but that it is an allegory only', perhaps reaching towards the conclusion that the fable had been badly framed around an already existing proverb. 'The man ought really to have acted contradictorily; but in this fable he is only supposed to have done so.'〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fables and epigrams; with essays on fable and epigram. From the German )〕 By using the fable to focus on political behaviour, therefore, the writers and artists give it a justification not inherent within its narrative. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Satyr and the Traveller」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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